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Atmospheric aerosol particles may undergo phase separation due to differences in miscibility. This alters the morphology of particles such that they are no longer well-mixed, simple spheres. As a result, scattering and absorption of sunlight in Earth’s atmosphere could be affected. In turn, this may alter direct climate forcing by aerosols. In this work we examine the impact of phase separation on...
The formation of base metal sulfide deposits requires not only a source of metals but also reduced sulfur. If incoming sulfur is present in ore fluids as sulfate, then a source of electrons is needed to drive the reduction of sulfate to sulfide. The oxidation of organic matter can release electrons that provide the reducing capacity, whether it be in low- or high-temperature settings that are conducive...
Recent datasets on heterogeneous deposition mode ice nucleation have revealed a strong dependence of the contact parameter m on temperature, ranging from linear to exponential, depending on the experiments. We analyze recent datasets using a Monte Carlo Markov Chain method with the full classical nucleation theory including spherical and planar geometry. The method we use allows us to test models...
We present results from a series of experiments on the partitioning of chlorine between a hydrous fluid phase and a phonolitic melt that we then use to model specific aspects of volcanic degassing. Experiments were performed from 250 to 10MPa on a phonolite from Erebus lava lake, Antarctica, at 1000°C near the QFM solid buffer. Only one of 48 experimental samples shows coexistence of low-density vapour...
Equipment for performing low-altitude aerial photography for geomorphological studies on 10–1000m scales is described, with particular reference to study of sand dunes. An automatic digital camera is lofted by a parafoil kite: the arrangement costs around $400, collapses into a volume of ∼2l and can be deployed in a few minutes, making it convenient for field use when wind conditions (>4m/s) permit...
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